INTRODUCTION:

Diabetes in pregnancy, also called gestational diabetes, occurs when your body can not control the amount of sugar produced due to inadequate insulin in the body.

RISK FACTORS:

• Overweight before pregnancy
• Family history of diabetes
• Previous gestational diabetes
• African, Asian, Hispanic ethnicity
• Age above 25

SYMPTOMS:

• Increased thirst
• Frequent urination
• Increased hunger

EFFECTS ON BABY:

• Macrosomia (baby > 4kg)
• Jaundice
• Low blood sugar

TREATMENT:

• Healthy diet
• Exercise (walking)
• Glucose monitoring
• Use of insulin/metformin if needed

INTRODUCTION:

An episiotomy is a surgical cut made during delivery to widen the vagina opening during childbirth.

REASONS:

• Baby's head is too large
• Need for fast delivery
• Use of instruments

CARE:

• Warm sitz baths
• Avoid sex for 6 weeks
• Use ice packs and pain relief
• Keep area clean and dry

WARNING SIGNS:

• Spotting or bleeding
• Early contractions
• Reduced fetal movement
• Swelling with headache
• Fever or chills
• Persistent headaches